Settlement Or Closing Price
During any trading day, the price of most futures contracts will fluctuate up and down as transactions between buyers and sellers take place. In general, most volume of trading takes place over a very narrow range of prices near the beginning and end of the trading period on a given day.
Sometimes near the close of trading, few or no actual trades occur. In the instance when there is little volume traded near the close, there may be a bid price and ask price . In this case, the clearinghouse may use the end-of-day bids and asks to determine the settlement price for the futures contracts. The settlement price is also known as the closing price.
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Description Of Cbot Soybean Futures
Soybean oil is an extract of soybeans that you and I know as vegetable oil. Soybean oil is the most widely used culinary oil in the United States and around the world, partly because of its healthy, nutritional characteristics. It contains about 85 percent unsaturated fat and very little saturated fat, which makes it appealing to health-conscious consumers. In addition to its gastronomic uses, soybean oil is becoming an increasingly popular additive in alternative energy sources technology, such as bio-diesel. An increasing number of cars in the United States and abroad, for example, are being outfitted with engines that allow them to convert from regular diesel to soybean oil during operation. Because of their economic fuel mileage and low environmental impact, these soybean oilenabled cars, known as frybrids, are becoming more popular.
Demand for soybean oil has increased in recent years as demand for these cleaner-burning fuels increases and as the automotive technology is more able to accommodate the usage of such bio-diesels. According to the Commodity Research Bureau , production of soybean oil increased from an average of 15 Billion Pounds in the mid-1990s to more than 22 Billion Pounds in 2003. If you want to trade soybean oil, you need to go through the Chicago Board of Trade , which offers the standard soybean oil contract. Here is the contract information:
Grain And Oilseed Futures And Options
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How Does The Chicago Board Of Trade Work
The CBOT was established in the mid-19th century in order to assist farmers and commodity consumers to control the dangers by abolishing price unpredictability of agricultural products. At some point, futures were included in products like cattle and other species. Chicago was preferred as a trade-off due to its closeness with US farmland and the city as a key transit location for livestock and better rail infrastructure. As a result, it enhanced delivery of products to CBOT futures to be traded easily, safely and affordable. The emergence of the CBOT portfolio sold financial products, energy, and precious metals contracts. In the 1970s, option contracts encouraged investors and traders to boost their risk management strategies. Commodities are very vital in the CBOT trade and US government bonds. As a result, futures for the stock index have been quoted there. Currently, CBOT and CME are related, although CME Group is the most significant and widespread derivatives market globally comprising of four markets namely CME, CBOT, NYMEX, and COMEX. It is important to note that CME and CBOT merged in the year 2007 to add agricultural products, equity indices and interest rates to the current group offerings.
Notes & Data Providers

Stocks: Real-time U.S. stock quotes reflect trades reported through Nasdaq only comprehensive quotes and volume reflect trading in all markets and are delayed at least 15 minutes. International stock quotes are delayed as per exchange requirements. Fundamental company data and analyst estimates provided by FactSet. Copyright © FactSet Research Systems Inc. All rights reserved. Source: FactSet
Indexes: Index quotes may be real-time or delayed as per exchange requirements refer to time stamps for information on any delays. Source: FactSet
Data on U.S. Overview page represent trading in all U.S. markets and updates until 8 p.m. See Closing Diaries table for 4 p.m. closing data. Sources: FactSet, Dow Jones
Stock Movers: Gainers, decliners and most actives market activity tables are a combination of NYSE, Nasdaq, NYSE American and NYSE Arca listings. Sources: FactSet, Dow Jones
ETF Movers: Includes ETFs & ETNs with volume of at least 50,000. Sources: FactSet, Dow Jones
Bonds: Bond quotes are updated in real-time. Sources: FactSet, Tullett Prebon
Currencies: Currency quotes are updated in real-time. Sources: FactSet, Tullett Prebon
Cryptocurrencies: Cryptocurrency quotes are updated in real-time. Sources: CoinDesk , Kraken
Calendars and Economy:Actual numbers are added to the table after economic reports are released. Source: Kantar Media
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What Is Driving The Grain Markets Up
There is nothing like the prospect of a global conflict to spice up a grain market that is already jumping at shadows. Political tension between Russia and Ukraine was a primary ingredient in the wheat and corn futures price rally last week as grain traders across the globe closely analysed the potential market consequences.
North American Grain/oilseed Review: Canola Up On Monday
WINNIPEG, Oct. 18 The ICE Futures canola market was mostly stronger on Monday, seeing a continuation of the previous weeks gains as strength in outside vegetable oil markets provided support.
Malaysian palm oil and Chicago soyoil futures were both up on the day, which spilled over to underpin canola.
Canadas tight supply situation was also supportive, although a broker noted that demand was already being rationed at current price levels.
With crush margins in negative territory, he said there was no real reason for canola to go any higher on its own, but the strength elsewhere was enough to provide support.
About 19,758 canola contracts traded on Monday, which compares with Friday when 27,183 contracts changed hands. Spreading accounted for 14,658 of the contracts traded.
SOYBEAN futures at the Chicago Board of Trade were stronger on Tuesday, as a rally in soyoil and other vegetable oil markets provided support.
Solid exports added to the firm tone, with weekly United States export inspections of about 2.3 million tonnes, up by about 500,000 tonnes from the previous week.
However, signs of slowing economic growth in China tempered the advances somewhat, as the country is a major buyer of U.S. soybeans and any issues there could cut into world demand.Seasonal harvest pressure also weighed on prices.
CORN moved higher on Monday, despite seasonal harvest pressure and the large U.S. supply expectations.
Futures Prices as of October 18, 2021
Canola |
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Regulatory Bodies And Policies
In the United States, the principal regulator of commodity and futures markets is the Commodity Futures Trading Commission . The National Futures Association was formed in 1976 and is the futures industrys self-regulatory organization. The NFAs first regulatory operations began in 1982 and fall under the Commodity Exchange Act of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act.
DoddâFrank was enacted in response to the 2008 financial crisis. It called for strong measures to limit speculation in agricultural commodities calling upon the CFTC to further limit positions and to regulate over-the-counter trades.
Chicago Board Of Trade
41°5240N87°3756W / 41.877821°N 87.632285°W / 41.877821 -87.632285The Chicago Board of Trade , established on April 3, 1848, is one of the worlds oldest futures and options exchanges. On July 12, 2007, the CBOT merged with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to form CME Group. CBOT and three other exchanges now operate as designated contract markets of the CME Group.
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Delivery Or Price Reference Points
Delivery or price reference points are important for the proper functioning for each futures contract. These physical locations are designated by the exchange. For example, the ICE canola contract prices physical delivery of Canada canola free-on-board at primary delivery points in eastern Saskatchewan, with additional delivery points across the Canadian prairies.
This price reference point is referred to as the FOB Par region. This means that all buyers and sellers of ICE canola futures know that they are negotiating a price for canola at or within the Par region.
Find other discounts or premiums based on transportation costs on the ICE website.
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What Are Grain Futures Contracts
Anyone looking to invest in grain futures should know that the risk of loss is substantial. This type of investment is not suitable for everyone. An investor could lose more than originally invested and, therefore, only risk capital should be used. Risk capital is the amount of money that an individual can afford to invest, which if lost, would not affect the investor’s lifestyle.
A grain futures contract is a legally binding agreement for the delivery of grain in the future at an agreed-upon price. The contracts are standardized by a futures exchange as to quantity, quality, time, and place of delivery. Only the price is variable.
There are two main market participants in the futures markets: hedgers and speculators. Hedgers use the futures markets for risk management and withstand some risks associated with the price or availability of the actual underlying commodity. Futures transactions and positions have the express purpose of mitigating those risks. Speculators, on the other hand, generally have no use for the commodities in which they trade they willingly accept the risk involved in investing in futures in return for the prospect of dramatic gains.
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Grain Prices Chicago Board Of Trade
41°5240N87°3756W / 41.877821°N 87.632285°W / 41.877821 -87.632285The Chicago Board of Trade , established on April 3, 1848, is one of the worlds oldest futures and options exchanges. On July 12, 2007, the CBOT merged with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to form CME Group. CBOT and three other exchanges now operate as designated contract markets of the CME Group.
Advantages Of Futures Contracts

Because they trade at the Chicago Board of Trade , futures contracts offer more financial leverage, flexibility, and financial integrity than trading the commodities themselves.
Financial leverage is the ability to trade and manage a high market value product with a fraction of the total value. Trading futures contracts is done with a performance therefore, it requires considerably less capital than the physical market. Leverage provides speculators a higher risk or higher return investment.
For example, one futures contract for soybeans represents 5,000 bushels of soybeans. Therefore, the dollar value of this contract is 5,000 times the price per bushel. If the market is trading at $5.70 per bushel, the value of the contract is $28,500 . Based on Jan. 23, 2022, exchange margin rules, the maintenance margin required for one contract of soybeans is around $2,650. So for approximately $2,650, an investor can potentially leverage $28,500 worth of soybeans.
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What Is Commodity Trading
Commodity trading is the exchange of different assets, typically futures contracts, that are based on the price of an underlying physical commodity. With the buying or selling of these futures contracts, investors make bets on the expected future value of a given commodity. If they think the price of a commodity will go up, they buy certain futuresor go longand if they think price the commodity will fall, they sell off other futuresor go short.
Given the importance of commodities in daily life, commodity trading began long before modern financial markets evolved as ancient empires developed trade routes for exchanging their goods.
Commodities trading is properly the birth of modern investingthe ceiling of the New York Stock Exchange is adorned with gold tobacco leaves in homage to the commodity trading that gave birth to the institution, says Giannotto.
Modern commodity trading in the United States started in 1848 at the Chicago Board of Trade. It allowed farmers to lock in sales prices for their grain at different points during the year rather than only at harvest, when prices tended to be low. By agreeing to a price ahead of time through futures contracts, both the farmer and the buyer gained protection against price changes.
Commodity Vs Stock Trading
With commodity trading, using leverage is much more common than with stock trading. This means you only put down a percentage of the needed money for an investment. For example, rather than putting down the full $75,000 for the full value of an oil futures contract, you might put down 10% or $7,500.
The contract will require you to keep a minimum balance based on the expected value of your trade. If the market price starts moving in a direction where you are more likely to lose money, you would face a and need to deposit more to get back to the trades required minimum value.
Trading on margin can lead to greater returns than the stock market, but it can also lead to greater losses due to the leverage used, says Turner. Small price moves lead to big changes for your investment return, meaning your potential for gain in the commodity market is high but so is your potential for losses.
Commodities also tend to be a short-term investment, especially if you enter a futures contract with a set deadline. This is in contrast to stocks and other market assets where buying and holding assets long term is more common.
In addition, you have more time to make trades with commodities because markets are open nearly 24/7. With stocks you primarily make trades during normal business hours, when the stock exchanges are open. You may have limited early access through premarket futures, but most stock trading occurs during normal business hours.
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The Purpose Of Futures Markets
Futures markets serve two primary purposes. The first is price discovery. Futures markets provide a central market place where buyers and sellers from all over the world can interact to determine prices. The second purpose is to transfer price risk. Futures give buyers and sellers of commodities the opportunity to establish prices for future delivery. This price risk transfer process is called hedging.
Chicago Board Of Trade Grain Prices Today
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Why Are Grain Prices Going Up
Food prices climbed steadily during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the U.N. Food Price Index gaining 40% over one twelve-month period. The most immediate cause for these price increases is supply chain disruptions, caused by reduced workforces and more stringent cross-border controls. There have also been several weather-related shocks attributed to climate change.
How Much Does Corn Cost Per Ton
We will assume that the value of the cob, husks, etc. is about $70 per ton of DM, approximately that of baled crop residues. Pounds of DM in 2000 Pounds of Earlage = 2000 × = 1320 Pounds of DM Amount of Corn DM = 1320 × 0.85 = 1122 Pounds of Corn Corn Value = 1122 × $0.0735 = $82.47
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Advantages Of Grain Contracts
Because grain is a tangible commodity, the grain market has a number of unique qualities. First, when compared to other types of commodities contracts, such as the various energy products, grains often have a lower margin, making it easy for speculators to participate. Also, grains generally aren’t one of the bigger contracts , which accounts for the lower margins.
The fundamentals in the grains are fairly straightforward: Like most tangible commodities, supply and demand will determine the price. Weather, transportation, and other conditions will also have an effect.
Cbot Corn Futures Prices

Corn 5,000 bu. cents per bu.
4373 |
Est. vol 38,000 vol Wed 38,592 open int 348,967 + 987
The third line of the table reads as follows: “Corn 5,000 bu cents per bu.” and means that the table applies to the Chicago Board of Trade corn contract and the contract size is 5,000 bushels. The prices shown in the table are in units of cents per bushel, so 252.75 cents means $2.52 and three quarters of a cent per bushel.
The open or opening price is the price or range of prices for the day’s first trades, registered during the period designated as the opening of the market or the opening call. In our example, this years May corn on the Chicago Board of Trade opened at $2.52 per bushel. Many publications print only a single price for the market open or close regardless of whether there was a range with trades at several prices.
The word high refers to the highest price at which a commodity futures contract traded during the day. The high price for this year’s May corn was $2.52 and ¾ cents per bushel.
Low refers to the lowest price at which a commodity futures contract traded during the day. The low price for May corn was $2.50 and ¾ cents per bushel.
Some publications show a close or closing price in their tables. The closing price is the price or range of prices at which the commodity futures contract traded during the brief period designated as the market close or on the closing callthat is, the last minute of the trading day.
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